New drone mapping and soil/pollen analysis suggest the Band of Holes on Monte Sierpe (about 5,200 pits) was likely a landscape-scale indigenous trade and accounting system—akin to a giant khipu—used around the 14th century by regional traders and later repurposed by the Inca. The patterning of pits, presence of transported crop residues, and strategic location support use as a visual, communal ledger or marketplace rather than agricultural or water-capture features.